If you wish to leave a charitable legacy while generating income during your lifetime, a charitable remainder trust (CRT) may be a viable solution. In addition to an income stream, CRTs offer an up-front charitable income tax deduction, as well as a vehicle for disposing of appreciated assets without immediate taxation on the gain. Plus, unlike certain other strategies, CRTs become more attractive if interest rates are high. Thus, in the current environment, that makes them particularly effective.
How these trusts work
A CRT is an irrevocable trust to which you contribute stock or other assets. The trust pays you (or your spouse or other beneficiaries) income for life or for a term of up to 20 years, then distributes the remaining assets to one or more charities. When you fund the trust, you’re entitled to a charitable income tax deduction (subject to applicable limits) equal to the present value of the charitable beneficiaries’ remainder interest.
There are two types of CRTs, each with its own pros and cons:
- A charitable remainder annuity trust (CRAT) pays out a fixed percentage (ranging from 5% to 50%) of the trust’s initial value and doesn’t allow additional contributions once it’s funded.
- A charitable remainder unitrust (CRUT) pays out a fixed percentage (ranging from 5% to 50%) of the trust’s value, recalculated annually, and allows additional contributions.
CRATs offer the advantage of uniform payouts, regardless of fluctuations in the trust’s value. CRUTs, on the other hand, allow payouts to keep pace with inflation because they increase as the trust’s value increases. And, as noted, CRUTs allow you to make additional contributions. One potential disadvantage of a CRUT is that payouts shrink if the trust’s value declines.
CRTs and a high-interest-rate environment
To ensure that a CRT is a legitimate charitable giving vehicle, IRS guidelines require that the present value of the charitable beneficiaries’ remainder interest be at least 10% of the trust assets’ value when contributed. Calculating the remainder interest’s present value is complicated, but it generally involves estimating the present value of annual payouts from the trust and subtracting that amount from the value of the contributed assets.
The computation is affected by several factors, including the length of the trust term (or the beneficiaries’ ages if payouts are made for life), the size of annual payouts and an IRS-prescribed Section 7520 rate. If you need to increase the value of the remainder interest to meet the 10% threshold, you may be able to do so by shortening the trust term or reducing the payout percentage.
In addition, the higher the Sec. 7520 rate is at the time of the contribution, the lower the present value of the payouts and, therefore, the larger the remainder interest. In recent years, however, rock-bottom interest rates made it difficult, if not impossible, for many CRTs to qualify. As interest rates have risen, it has become easier to meet the 10% threshold and increase annual payouts or the trust term without disqualifying the trust.
Now may be the time for a CRT
If you’ve been exploring options for satisfying your charitable goals while generating an income stream for yourself and your family, now may be an ideal time for a CRT. Contact us if you have questions.
____________________________________
We highly recommend you confer with your Miller Kaplan advisor to understand your specific situation and how this may impact you.
